ROMANS AND THE ANTONINE WALL:
In AD 77 Julius Agricola pushed the Roman Empire's reach northwards with advances to the valley crossing Scotland from the Clyde to the Forth in AD80. In AD139, Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius ordered his governor in Britain to tame the troublesome Lowlanders of Scotland. The Antonine Wall was created, stretching from Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde to Bo'ness on the Forth, a distance of 60 kilometers. In front was a ditch up to 12.5m wide. Behind the Wall ran a road, now called the Military Way, near Dalzell Castle in Motherwell, Scotland.

KENNETH MCALPIN CROWNED KING:
Following the Romans, the North of Scotland experienced a gradual population migration, aided by Norse pressure, with the Scots of the west encroaching on the Picts of the east. In 843 Kenneth MacAlpin, son of Alpin, 34th King of Dalriada, asserted himself as the first King of the Picts and Scots.

STANDARD AT GLENFINNAN, 1745:
In 1745 news was received of a powerful new Jacobite force to arrive from the Continent, headed by the grandson of James VII, returning from exile in Italy. Prince Charles Edward Stewart came ashore with seven supporters, known later as the Seven Men of Moidart.  The enthusiasm and charm of the 'Young Pretender' rejuvenated the Jacobite cause and the Jacobite standard was raised in Scotland again by Bonnie Prince Charlie at Glenfinnan.

BATTLE OF CULLODEN, 1746:
Culloden Moor was the site of the last battle on the British mainland on 16 April 1746. The Jacobites were pulling back into the Highlands, ending their siege.  Jacobite morale was low, the warriors hungry, and many breaking ranks for home. The Duke of Cumberland now led the well-equipped Hanoverian army. When they met on the Moor near Culloden, the Jacobites numbered four and a half thousand to Cumberland's nine thousand Hanoverians. .  Cumberland's cavalry proceeded to slaughter every Jacobite they encountered.  Prince Charles fled to France and "Butcher Cumberland" proceeded to destroy the clans, their identities and social structure. The playing of bagpipes was forbidden, wearing of tartans and Highland dress for all except government troops was banned, as was the possession of weapons.

EMIGRATION FROM SCOTLAND:
There were two distinct societies in Scotland in the 1700's. Lowlanders spoke a version of English and lived in a society based on the emerging mercantile economy. The Highlanders were largely Celtic in ancestry, and lived in a largely feudal society.  After Culloden, many fled or escaped to Northern Ireland, where they called themselves "Scots-Irish". Others fled to the colonies and to Canada, while others were captured, killed, jailed or enslaved and shipped off to Australia, New Zealand, West Indies and the southern coast of North American.  Many DLs were among the emigrants and those "transported" for crimes against the King, and their descendants may now be found worldwide.